Protocols

Protocols: sequencing the evidence safely

Good gut treatment is rarely a single pill. It is a sequence: confirm what you’re treating, reduce the overgrowth or remove the trigger, support the motility that keeps the gut clear, and prevent relapse. Done in the wrong order, individual treatments under-perform. Here is how the logic fits together - and where the evidence for it is strong versus thin.

The general sequence

Most evidence-informed gut protocols, whether for SIBO or fungal overgrowth, follow the same three movements:

  1. Reduce the overgrowth. Antimicrobials (such as rifaximin), antifungals (such as nystatin), herbal alternatives, or an elemental diet. This is the step with the most trial evidence.
  2. Restore function. Address what allowed the overgrowth - impaired motility, low stomach acid, structural issues - rather than only the organisms themselves.
  3. Prevent relapse. Support the migrating motor complex (the gut’s fasting “housekeeper wave”) with prokinetics and meal spacing, because recurrence is common when the underlying driver remains.

Where the evidence stands: the eradication step is the best-supported (randomised trials for rifaximin; smaller studies for herbs and elemental diet). The relapse-prevention step rests mostly on small, observational data - the rationale is sound, the trial base is thin. Treat the sequence as a reasonable framework, not a proven algorithm.

Why “kill it and move on” fails

Overgrowth is usually a downstream consequence of something else - a sluggish migrating motor complex after food poisoning, acid suppression from long-term PPIs, an anatomical quirk. Clear the organisms without addressing that, and they return. This is why the most durable results come from the unglamorous middle step: fixing function. It is also why relapse is not a sign the diagnosis was wrong.

Safety first, always. Protocols involving prescription medicines - especially off-label use - belong under clinical supervision. Alarm symptoms (weight loss, blood in the stool, difficulty swallowing, persistent vomiting, fever) override any protocol and warrant urgent assessment.

See the sequence in practice

The condition pillars work through these steps in detail for each scenario:

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